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Gynecomastia: what the surgeon needs to know
Carol J Singer-Granick1, Mark S Granick
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, New Jersey Medical School - UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, USA. singercj@umdnj.edu
Eplasty
|February 18, 2009
Summary
Gynecomastia can stem from various underlying disorders, not just common causes. Early diagnosis through history, physical exam, and targeted lab tests is crucial for effective management.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Plastic Surgery
Background:
- Gynecomastia is a common condition with diverse etiologies.
- Understanding its pathophysiology is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex pathophysiology underlying gynecomastia.
- To highlight significant disorders that can cause this condition.
Main Methods:
- Extensive clinical experience (20+ years) in endocrinology and plastic surgery.
- Comprehensive review of English-language literature.
Main Results:
- Idiopathic and physiologic causes are frequent.
- Significant underlying disorders include chronic illness, cancer, medications, syndromes, and endocrinopathies.
Conclusions:
- History and physical examination are often sufficient for diagnosis.
- Laboratory tests can help rule out significant pathophysiology when etiology is unclear.
- Endocrinology consultation is recommended for abnormal lab results or suspected endocrinopathy.
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