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Acute toxicity of peracetic acid (PAA) formulations to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts
David L Straus1, Thomas Meinelt
1USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree-Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, P.O. Box 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA. Dave.Straus@ars.usda.gov
Abstract:
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an antimicrobial disinfectant used in agriculture, food processing, and medical facilities. It has recently been suggested as a means to control infestations of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of two products containing 4.5% and 40% PAA to I. multifiliis theronts from two geographically separate isolates. Theronts were exposed to concentrations of PAA in 96-well plates containing groundwater at 23 degrees C. Acute toxicity was observed over a 4-h period. No significant difference in the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) estimates was evident between the two isolates at 4 h with the 4.5% PAA product (0.146 versus 0.108 mg/l PAA), while there was a statistical difference between the 4 h LC(50) with the 40% PAA product (0.274 versus 0.158 mg/l PAA). These results suggest that PAA is toxic to I. multifiliis theronts at low concentrations and that one of the isolates was more resistant to this compound.
Insights
Peracetic acid (PAA) effectively controls Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) theronts at low concentrations. However, toxicity varied between PAA products and geographic isolates, indicating potential resistance.
Area of Science:
- Aquatic toxicology
- Fish health
- Antimicrobial agents
Background:
- Peracetic acid (PAA) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial disinfectant.
- Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) is a parasitic fish pathogen causing significant aquaculture losses.
- PAA is being explored as a potential treatment for Ich infestations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the acute toxicity of two PAA concentrations (4.5% and 40%) to Ich theronts.
- To compare the susceptibility of two geographically distinct Ich isolates to PAA exposure.
Main Methods:
- Ich theronts from two isolates were exposed to varying PAA concentrations in groundwater at 23°C.
- Acute toxicity was assessed over a 4-hour period.
- Median lethal concentration (LC50) values were calculated.
Main Results:
- PAA demonstrated toxicity to Ich theronts at low concentrations.
- No significant difference in LC50 was observed between isolates for the 4.5% PAA product.
- A significant difference in LC50 was found between isolates for the 40% PAA product, suggesting differential resistance.
Conclusions:
- PAA is a potent agent against Ich theronts.
- The efficacy and isolate susceptibility to PAA can vary depending on product concentration and geographic origin.
- Further research is needed to optimize PAA use for Ich control.
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