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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

Cell death in the skin.

Saskia Lippens1, Esther Hoste, Peter Vandenabeele

  • 1Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.

Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death
|February 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skin cell death, including keratinocyte apoptosis and cornification, is crucial for maintaining skin health and responding to insults like UVB radiation. Proper regulation of these processes prevents diseases such as skin cancer.

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Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
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Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

Published on: April 8, 2016

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LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

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Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
10:31

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

Published on: April 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The skin, comprising the epidermis and appendages like hair follicles, acts as a protective barrier.
  • Keratinocytes, the primary epidermal cells, undergo cornification, a unique cell death process distinct from apoptosis.
  • Dysregulation of skin cell death contributes to various dermatological diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of apoptosis and anti-apoptosis in skin homeostasis.
  • To highlight the role of cell death in response to environmental factors like UVB radiation.
  • To discuss the implications of deregulated cell death in skin diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in skin.
  • Analysis of the role of NF-kB in keratinocyte survival.
  • Examination of cell death in the context of the hair cycle and UVB exposure.

Main Results:

  • NF-kB is identified as a key factor protecting keratinocytes from apoptosis under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
  • The hair follicle undergoes programmed cell death during the hair cycle.
  • UVB radiation induces apoptosis in keratinocytes, leading to sunburn cells.

Conclusions:

  • Orchestrated regulation of diverse cell death programs is essential for skin homeostasis.
  • Aberrant cell death mechanisms are implicated in skin pathologies, including cancer and necrolysis.
  • Understanding these pathways is critical for managing skin health and disease.