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Related Concept Videos

External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
14:48

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Published on: March 21, 2021

Host-environment interactions in exposure-related diffuse lung diseases.

David M Brass1, Anastasia L Wise, David A Schwartz

  • 1National Heart Lung and Blood Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. David.brass@duke.edu

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|February 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse lung diseases (DLDs), or interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), lack treatments. Current hypotheses suggest damaged lung epithelium and environmental factors drive disease progression, highlighting the need for better research models.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cellular Biology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Diffuse lung diseases (DLDs), also known as interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), are rare, severe conditions characterized by lung inflammation and potential fibroproliferation.
  • Current therapeutic strategies cannot halt DLD progression, necessitating a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms.
  • Evolving hypotheses suggest epithelial damage and mesenchymal cell interactions are key to DLD pathogenesis, moving beyond solely inflammation-centric views.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolving understanding of DLD/ILD etiology and pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the critical role of epithelial integrity in DLD progression.
  • To emphasize the potential of animal models in elucidating disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current hypotheses on DLD/ILD etiology and pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of emerging data linking epithelial integrity to fibroproliferation.
  • Discussion of the utility of animal models for studying DLDs.

Main Results:

  • The prevailing hypothesis now focuses on the interplay between a damaged epithelium and mesenchymal cell responses in driving fibroproliferation.
  • Loss of epithelial integrity is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in progressive DLDs.
  • Environmental exposures impacting epithelial health are implicated in disrupting lung homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DLDs requires acknowledging the central role of epithelial damage and environmental insults.
  • Animal models that mimic the vulnerable epithelium seen in fibrotic lung disease patients are crucial for mechanistic studies.
  • Further research into epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is vital for developing effective DLD therapies.