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Related Concept Videos

Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
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Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

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Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

[Comparison of ICD coding between mortality statistics and study-intern retrospective re-coding].

S J Klug1, D Bardehle, M Ressing

  • 1Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik, Universitätsklinik Mainz, Mainz. klug@imbei.uni-mainz.de

Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband Der Arzte Des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))
|February 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found poor agreement between intern-coded and official death certificate codes in Germany. Improvements in ICD coding quality are needed, potentially through automated systems and mortality registers.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Medical Informatics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Accurate cause-of-death coding is crucial for mortality statistics and public health surveillance.
  • International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes are the standard for classifying causes of death.
  • Variations in coding practices can impact the reliability of mortality data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the agreement between death certificate coding performed by a study intern and official mortality statistics in Germany.
  • To assess the quality of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding in German mortality data.

Main Methods:

  • A historical cohort study in Germany obtained original death certificates for deceased members.
  • Death certificates were coded by a study intern using ICD codes.
  • ICD codes from an official state statistical office were obtained for comparison.
  • Weighted inter-observer agreement, including kappa statistics, was calculated to assess concordance.

Main Results:

  • Out of 406 ICD codes, only 53.9% showed complete agreement at the highest digit level.
  • Agreement on the three-digit level with a fourth-digit difference occurred in 10.3% of cases.
  • Overall weighted kappa for inter-observer agreement was 0.67, indicating moderate agreement.
  • Agreement was higher for neoplasms (kappa=0.88) than cardiovascular diseases (kappa=0.69).

Conclusions:

  • The agreement between study-intern and official ICD coding for death certificates in Germany was not very good.
  • There has been limited improvement in ICD coding quality in Germany over the past two decades.
  • Recommendations for improving coding quality include implementing automatic coding systems, multicausal coding, and a mortality register.