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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

[Tremor: update and controversy].

J Ruiz-Martínez1, I Arratibel-Echarren, A Gorostidi-Pagola

  • 1Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Donostia, P. Doctor Beguiristain, s/n. E-20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España. javier.ruizmartinez@osakidetza.net

Revista De Neurologia
|February 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing tremor, the most common movement disorder, can be challenging. This review updates diagnostic approaches and therapies, particularly for Parkinson's disease, highlighting clinical history and advanced imaging techniques.

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Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
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Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

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Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
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Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Context:

  • Tremor is the most common movement disorder, with an expanding differential diagnosis.
  • Distinguishing tremor origins can be diagnostically challenging for clinicians.
  • Parkinson's disease presents unique tremor characteristics and diagnostic complexities.

Purpose:

  • To provide an updated overview of tremor diagnosis and management.
  • To review current therapeutic strategies for tremor.
  • To discuss the specific context of tremor within Parkinson's disease.

Summary:

  • Clinical history remains paramount for tremor diagnosis, complemented by techniques like DaT-SCAN and MIBG cardiac scintigraphy for Parkinson's disease.
  • Pharmacological treatments for tremor have seen limited change, with surgery as an alternative for resistant cases.
  • The relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease is complex, with atypical Parkinson's cases challenging existing diagnostic paradigms.

Impact:

  • Enhances differential diagnosis of movement disorders.
  • Informs therapeutic decisions for tremor management.
  • Clarifies diagnostic and genotypic aspects of Parkinson's disease-related tremor.