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Related Experiment Video

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Differential deficit in executive control in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Jill Maria Thompson¹, John M Gray, John R Crawford

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. jillmaria.thompson@astrazeneca.com

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

|February 19, 2009

Summary

Patients with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) show persistent cognitive deficits. These are best described as a generic dysexecutive syndrome, impacting executive functions more than other cognitive areas.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Remitted bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with persistent cognitive deficits.
The precise nature and specificity of these cognitive impairments remain unclear.
The executive hypothesis suggests executive dysfunction is central to BD's cognitive profile.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if cognitive deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder (EBD) are differential executive deficits.
To determine if specific executive functions are impaired.
To assess if executive difficulties mediate declarative memory deficits in EBD.

Main Methods:

Compared cognitive performance of 63 euthymic bipolar patients with controls.
Utilized Baron and Trieman's method for analyzing nonindependent correlations.
Assessed executive functions, declarative memory (recall, recognition, retention), and psychomotor performance.

Main Results:

No evidence of differential deficits within the executive domain itself.
Executive performance was differentially impaired compared to verbal memory and retention.
Executive deficits did not appear to be an artifact of psychomotor impairment.
Executive performance significantly accounted for declarative memory deficits.

Conclusions:

Cognitive difficulties in EBD can be characterized as a generic dysexecutive syndrome.
Executive dysfunction is a core feature of cognitive impairment in remitted bipolar disorder.
These findings highlight the importance of addressing executive functions in EBD treatment.