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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
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Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Endophenotypes in schizophrenia: a selective review.

Allyssa J Allen1, Mélina E Griss, Bradley S Folley

  • 1Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, United States. allyssaallen@hotmail.com

Schizophrenia Research
|February 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia endophenotypes are frequently observed in patients (39.4%) and relatives (28.1%), but less so in healthy controls (10.2%). This review consolidates frequency data for these intermediate phenotypes.

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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Published on: December 2, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Schizophrenia endophenotypes encompass a wide range of measures, including neuroimaging, sensory processing, neuromotor, neuropsychological, and physical characteristics.
  • Existing literature provides extensive data on these endophenotypes in schizophrenia patients (SCZ), their first-degree relatives (REL), and healthy controls (HC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate and summarize frequency data for the most extensively studied schizophrenia endophenotypes.
  • To provide a single reference point for understanding the prevalence of various endophenotypes across different groups.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and MedLine.
  • Studies comparing SCZ to HC and/or REL to HC groups were included.
  • Percent abnormal values (typically >2 SD from the mean) and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for each study.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients (SCZ) exhibited an average of 39.4% abnormal values across endophenotypes.
  • First-degree relatives (REL) showed an average of 28.1% abnormal values.
  • Healthy controls (HC) had a significantly lower average of 10.2% abnormal values.

Conclusions:

  • The findings highlight the prevalence of schizophrenia endophenotypes across patients and their relatives, suggesting their utility as intermediate phenotypes.
  • The data supports ongoing research into schizophrenia's genetic underpinnings and potential clustering of endophenotypes.
  • Future research should focus on large-scale studies examining multiple endophenotypes across diverse groups to further elucidate schizophrenia etiology.