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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Aging01:26

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Published on: September 17, 2020

Comparative biology of aging.

Steven N Austad1

  • 1Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA. austad@uthscsa.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|February 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Aging research should study long-lived species like naked mole rats and bats to uncover mechanisms of longevity. This comparative approach offers new insights into healthy aging processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Comparative Biology
  • Evolutionary Medicine

Background:

  • Most aging research relies on short-lived species, limiting understanding of longevity.
  • There's a need to investigate species with naturally extended healthy lifespans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel comparative approach for aging research.
  • To identify causative mechanisms of extended health spans in diverse species.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on long-lived species like naked mole rats, bats, and dogs.
  • Utilize comparative analysis across species with varying lifespans.
  • Consider primates, such as the common marmoset, for cognitive trait relevance.

Main Results:

  • Long-lived species offer unique models for studying aging.
  • Comparative studies can reveal key differences in aging processes.
  • Specific species like naked mole rats and bats show promise for aging research.

Conclusions:

  • A comparative approach using diverse, long-lived species is crucial for advancing aging research.
  • This strategy can uncover mechanisms promoting healthy longevity.
  • Investment in cell repositories and genomic tools for these species is recommended.