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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.
Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
12:58

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Published on: May 10, 2017

[Multitalented lymphostatin].

J-M A Klapproth1, F Meyer

  • 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jklappr@emory.edu

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|February 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lymphostatin, a toxin from Gram-negative bacteria, aids in cell adhesion and intestinal colonization. It also suppresses the immune system and disrupts the epithelial barrier, contributing to diarrheal diseases.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells
05:47

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Published on: August 19, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
12:58

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Published on: May 10, 2017

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells
05:47

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Published on: August 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • Gastrointestinal infections cause significant global morbidity and mortality, particularly in children.
  • Gram-negative bacteria, such as Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), are major pathogens responsible for acute diarrheal episodes.
  • These bacteria employ effector proteins to subvert host cellular functions.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of Gram-negative bacterial virulence factors, with a specific focus on the effector protein lymphostatin.
  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of lymphostatin in bacterial pathogenesis.

Summary:

  • Lymphostatin, encoded by lifA/efa-1, is identified in various Gram-negative pathogens and Chlamydia species.
  • This effector protein exhibits immunosuppressive effects on T lymphocytes and disrupts epithelial barrier integrity by affecting adherens and tight junctions.
  • Lymphostatin also functions as an adhesion factor, crucial for intestinal colonization and regulating other bacterial effector proteins.

Impact:

  • Lymphostatin represents a key virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacterial infections.
  • Understanding lymphostatin's functions provides insights into host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutic targets.
  • Its diverse roles highlight the complex strategies employed by bacteria to establish infection and cause disease.