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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
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Published on: July 24, 2012

Cervical spine injury: tiger attack.

Meredith Anderson1, Philip Utter, Jan Szatkowski

  • 1Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Orthopedics
|February 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rare Siberian tiger attacks can cause severe neck and spine injuries. Prompt diagnosis, infection prevention, and surgical stabilization are crucial for patient recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma surgery
  • Veterinary medicine
  • Infectious disease

Background:

  • Tiger attacks in the US are infrequent but can result in severe penetrating trauma.
  • Large animal bites carry a 10-20% risk of polymicrobial infection, commonly involving Pasteurella multocida.
  • Tetanus and rabies prophylaxis are essential considerations for all animal bites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of a young woman attacked by a Siberian tiger.
  • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing similar complex injuries.
  • To review current best practices for cervical spine trauma and infection prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing a severe Siberian tiger attack with penetrating trauma.
  • Diagnostic evaluation including radiography, computed tomography (CT), and computed angiography.
  • Review of surgical techniques for cervical spine stabilization, focusing on lateral mass screw fixation.

Main Results:

  • The patient sustained significant injuries to the neck, cervical spine, and lower extremities.
  • Computed angiography proved advantageous for evaluating potential vascular injury in deep neck wounds.
  • Lateral mass screw fixation demonstrated superior biomechanical properties and maintenance of alignment for unstable cervical spine fractures.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive management of severe animal attacks requires addressing trauma, infection risk, and potential rabies exposure.
  • Advanced imaging is critical for diagnosing associated injuries, particularly vascular and bony cervical spine trauma.
  • Lateral mass screw fixation represents an effective surgical option for stabilizing traumatic cervical spine injuries.