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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
Published on: July 17, 2020
A prospective study on gait-related intrinsic risk factors for lower leg overuse injuries
N Ghani Zadeh Hesar1, A Van Ginckel, A Cools
1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 3B3 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Narmin.Ghanizadehhesar@ugent.be
Objective:
To determine prospectively gait-related risk factors for lower leg overuse injury (LLOI).
Design:
A prospective cohort study.
Setting:
Male and female recruits from a start-to-run (STR) programme during a 10-week training period.
Participants:
131 healthy subjects (20 men and 111 women), without a history of any lower leg complaint, participated in the study.
Interventions:
Before the start of the 10-week STR programme, plantar force measurements during running were performed. During STR, lower leg injuries were diagnosed and registered by a sports physician.
Main Outcome Measures:
Plantar force measurements during running were performed using a footscan pressure plate.
Results:
During the STR, 27 subjects (five men and 22 women) developed a LLOI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects who developed a LLOI had a significantly more laterally directed force distribution at first metatarsal contact and forefoot flat, a more laterally directed force displacement in the forefoot contact phase, foot flat phase and at heel-off. These subjects also had a delayed change of the centre of force (COF) at forefoot flat, a higher force and loading underneath the lateral border of the foot, and a significantly higher directed force displacement of the COF at forefoot flat.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that a less pronated heel strike and a more laterally directed roll-off can be considered as risk factors for LLOI. Clinically, the results of this study can be considered important in identifying individuals at risk of LLOI.
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