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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
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Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
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Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...

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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

Broadband coding with dynamic synapses.

Benjamin Lindner1, Dorian Gangloff, André Longtin

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|February 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) does not filter neuronal inputs by frequency. Instead, it transmits information broadly, with effects modulated by a neuron's background activity level.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) dynamically modifies synaptic response amplitudes based on presynaptic activity.
  • STP is often hypothesized to act as a frequency-specific filter for neuronal inputs, influencing information processing.
  • Understanding STP's role in information transmission is crucial for deciphering neural computation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly quantify the impact of STP on information transmission through synaptic inputs.
  • To determine if STP acts as a frequency-dependent filter or transmits information broadly.
  • To investigate how postsynaptic neuron properties, like firing rate, affect STP's influence on information transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized information-theoretic approaches to analyze data.
  • Modeled a neuron receiving independent synaptic inputs.
  • Simulated scenarios with both synaptic depression and facilitation.

Main Results:

  • STP leads to broadband information transmission, without frequency-dependent filtering.
  • The interaction between synaptic response amplitude changes and membrane conductance fluctuations underlies this broadband transmission.
  • Broadband transmission is maintained in postsynaptic spike trains at high baseline firing rates but is altered at low rates.

Conclusions:

  • STP does not function as a frequency-specific filter for synaptic inputs.
  • Information transmission via STP is broadband, irrespective of whether depression or facilitation dominates.
  • Postsynaptic neuron background activity gates the effects of STP on information transmission, highlighting the role of network state.