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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

In Vitro Method to Study Sex-Based Differences in Conjunctival Goblet Cells

In Vitro Method to Study Sex-Based Differences in Conjunctival Goblet Cells

Published on: July 28, 2023

Age- and gender-related tear function changes in normal population.

M Ozdemir¹, H Temizdemir

¹Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. drmozdemir@hotmail.com

Eye (London, England)

|February 21, 2009

Summary

Tear film break-up time significantly decreases with age, while Schirmer test results show a gradual decline. Age impacts tear function, necessitating consideration in dry eye syndrome diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Ocular Surface Disease

Background:

Schirmer test and tear film break-up time are key diagnostic tools for dry eye syndrome.
Understanding age and gender influences on these tests is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age- and gender-related changes in Schirmer test and tear film break-up time results.
To assess the impact of aging on tear function in a normal population.

Main Methods:

A randomized prospective study of 140 healthy volunteers (70 male, 70 female).
Schirmer and tear film break-up time tests were performed on the right eye of each participant.
Subjects were stratified into seven age groups for comparative analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Main Results:

A statistically significant decrease in tear film break-up time was observed with advancing age, particularly between younger and older groups.
Schirmer test results showed a gradual decline with age, though not statistically significant across all groups.
No significant differences in tear function tests were found based on gender.

Conclusions:

Tear function, especially tear film break-up time, declines with increasing age.
Age should be a critical factor when interpreting tear function test results for dry eye diagnosis.