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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
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Published on: May 20, 2018

Morphological instabilities of polymer crystals.

N Grozev1, I Botiz, G Reiter

  • 1Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, ICSI-UHA-CNRS, 15, rue Jean Starcky, B.P. 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|February 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Polymer crystals in thin films transition from dendritic to faceted shapes. Theoretical models accurately describe these polymer crystallization morphology changes, revealing insights into chain connectivity effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Polymer crystallization is complex, influenced by molecular structure and growth conditions.
  • Understanding morphology transitions is key to controlling polymer properties.
  • Existing theories for small molecule crystal growth may offer insights into polymer systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate morphology transitions in polymer crystals at low supercooling.
  • To compare experimental observations with existing theories of crystal growth instabilities.
  • To explore the role of polymer-specific factors like attachment kinetics and chain connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of polymer crystal growth in thin films.
  • Utilizing a poly-2-vinylpyridine-block-polyethyleneoxid copolymer.
  • Analysis of crystal morphology, including dendritic side branch width/frequency and growth tip radius of curvature.

Main Results:

  • Observed morphology transitions from dendritic to faceted structures at low supercooling.
  • Experimental data on temperature dependence of dendritic features and growth tip radius align well with theoretical models.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests polymer attachment kinetics and reorganisation influence growth.

Conclusions:

  • Theoretical concepts for morphological instabilities, though not developed for polymers, effectively describe polymer crystal growth.
  • Polymer thin films serve as valuable model systems for fundamental crystallization studies.
  • The study highlights the measurable impact of chain connectivity on polymer crystallization behavior.