[Psychoanalyzing under control. Helene Deutsch's contribution to the issues of control analysis, seen in the context...

From 1920 on, in the Berlin Polyclinic many persons received psychoanalytic treatment by novices. Out of responsibility towards patients and in order to train and to correct beginning analysts, the procedure of "control analysis" was introduced. It has remained a central element of analytical training since, although there have been different ideas as to who was to exercise control and how and for which purpose it should be done. This paper examines Helene Deutsch's Viennese contribution, first presented at the 1927 Congress in Innsbruck and again at the first Four Countries Meeting in 1935, as compared to the positions brought forward by Max Eitingon (Berlin) and Vilma Kovács (Budapest). It highlights both the relation between training and control analysis and the difference between "control analysis" and "control of analysis". Control analysis as part of analytical training is to be distinguished from control analysis as part of the analyst's continuous formation during his or her whole working life.