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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Using Caenorhabditis elegans for Studying Trans- and Multi-Generational Effects of Toxicants
Published on: July 29, 2019
Multigenerational effects in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) exposed to hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine
Jordan N Smith1, Marina A Espino, Jun Liu
1The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, The Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. jns_44@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Contamination by hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) has been identified at areas of explosive manufacturing, processing, storage, and usage. Anaerobic conversion of RDX to N-nitroso metabolites (hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX)) has been demonstrated in the environment and in gastrointestinal tracts of mammals in vivo. Thus, potential exists for exposure to these N-nitroso compounds. While exposed to TNX via drinking water ad libitum, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were bred in three generations to produce cohorts F1A-D, F2A-B, and F3A. TNX was administered at four exposure levels: control (0 microg L(-1)), 10 microg L(-1), 100 microg L(-1), and 1000 microg L(-1). Endpoints investigated include: offspring production, offspring survival, offspring weight gain, and offspring organ weights. TNX exposure decreased litter size and increased postpartum mortality of offspring at the highest exposure level.
