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Related Concept Videos

Transmission of Pathogens01:24

Transmission of Pathogens

Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells
11:39

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

Published on: January 13, 2016

Transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases.

Jean-Pierre Allain1, Susan L Stramer, A B F Carneiro-Proietti

  • 1Dept. of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. jpa1000@cam.ac.uk

Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood transfusions carry risks from infectious agents like HBV, HCV, and HIV. Donor screening and nucleic acid testing significantly enhance transfusion safety, mitigating risks from emerging diseases.

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Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System
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Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

Published on: December 7, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells
11:39

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

Published on: January 13, 2016

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System
12:40

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

Published on: December 7, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Blood transfusions can transmit a wide range of blood-borne infectious agents from asymptomatic donors.
  • Identified agents include hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1/2), and others like West Nile Virus (WNV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline strategies for reducing transfusion-transmitted infectious agent risks.
  • To highlight advancements in blood safety and emerging infectious disease mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Donor exclusion based on clinical history and risk factors.
  • Screening for serological markers of infections.
  • Nucleic acid testing (NAT) for direct and sensitive detection of viral agents.

Main Results:

  • Implementation of multiple safety strategies has dramatically reduced transfusion risks.
  • NAT provides sensitive detection of known infectious agents.

Conclusions:

  • Blood transfusions are safer than ever due to rigorous screening and testing protocols.
  • Effective strategies exist to mitigate risks associated with emerging infectious diseases.