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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...

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An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses
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Developmental changes in circulating IL-8/CXCL8 isoforms in neonates.

Akhil Maheshwari1, Nikolai N Voitenok, Svetlana Akalovich

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. akhil@peds.uab.edu

Cytokine
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has two forms: less potent ala-IL-8 in premature infants and more potent ser-IL-8 in full-term infants and adults. This switch restores IL-8

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neonatal Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is expressed in fetal tissues but without inflammation.
  • Circulating IL-8 exists as endothelial-derived ala-IL-8(77) and a more potent ser-IL-8(72) from other cells.
  • ala-IL-8(77) can be converted to ser-IL-8(72) by removing an N-terminal pentapeptide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental changes in IL-8 isoforms in neonates.
  • To understand the functional significance of IL-8 isoform switch in the neonatal period.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of IL-8 isoforms in premature neonates, term neonates, and adults.
  • Assessment of plasma IL-8 neutrophil chemotactic potency.
  • Investigation of potential mechanisms for IL-8 isoform conversion.

Main Results:

  • Premature neonates predominantly have ala-IL-8(77), while term neonates and adults have ser-IL-8(72).
  • A switch from ala-IL-8(77) to ser-IL-8(72) correlates with increased plasma IL-8 neutrophil chemotactic potency.
  • Emergence of ser-IL-8(72) may be due to increased ala-IL-8(77)-convertase activity or altered cellular IL-8 sources.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental changes in IL-8 isoforms may limit fetal inflammation.
  • This isoform switch mechanism restores full IL-8 activity after birth.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for neonatal immunology and inflammatory responses.