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Admixture of ephedrine to offset side effects of propofol: a randomized, controlled trial
James D Austin1, Timothy J Parke
1Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom. drjamesaustin@hotmail.com
Study Objective:
To determine whether adding ephedrine to propofol is as effective as adding lidocaine at reducing injection pain, and its effects on hemodynamics.
Design:
Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial.
Setting:
District general hospital in the United Kingdom.
Patients:
156 adult, ASA physical status I, II, and III patients undergoing elective or emergency general anesthesia.
Interventions:
Patients were randomized to one of three groups to receive one mL of 1% lidocaine per 20 mL of 1% propofol (Group L), 15 mg of ephedrine per 20 mL of propofol (Group E15), or 30 mg of ephedrine per 20 mL of propofol (Group E30).
Measurements And Main Results:
Pain on injection, heart rate, and blood pressure at one-minute intervals for ten minutes were recorded. There was no significant difference in injection pain among groups. Group E30 had the least amount of hemodynamic change.
Conclusion:
Adding 30 mg of ephedrine to 20 mL of 1% propofol is as effective as adding lidocaine in preventing injection pain, and it results in a more stable hemodynamic profile.
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