Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antiplatelet Therapy in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: 2026 ACC Scientific Statement: A Report of the American College of Cardiology.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Perioperative discontinuation of SGLT2-inhibitors and cardiac complications after noncardiac surgery: secondary analysis of two prospective observational cohort studies.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Validation of photoplethysmography-derived short-term heart rate variability using a wearable device.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Prevalence and prognostic relevance of perioperative myocardial injury/infarction after major noncardiac surgery in older patients.

Age and ageing·2026
Same author

Cardiac autonomic function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation.

European heart journal open·2026
Same author

Alternative Rule-Out Cutoffs for a Novel High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Assay in Patients With Suspected Myocardial Infarction.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow
11:30

Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow

Published on: January 7, 2015

Calcium and cyclic nucleotides affect TNF-alpha-induced stem cell migration.

Emel Kaplan1, Jiang-Yong Min, Qingen Ke

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. E.Kaplan@cardio.umcn.nl

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Calcium and cyclic AMP enhance embryonic stem cell (ESC) motility during chemotaxis, while cyclic GMP decreases it. These findings reveal key signaling pathways influencing ESC migration.

More Related Videos

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34+ Stem Cells from Mice
08:14

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34+ Stem Cells from Mice

Published on: December 22, 2023

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
06:10

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Published on: September 16, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow
11:30

Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow

Published on: January 7, 2015

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34+ Stem Cells from Mice
08:14

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34+ Stem Cells from Mice

Published on: December 22, 2023

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
06:10

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Published on: September 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess inherent motility crucial for development.
  • Understanding factors influencing ESC migration is vital for regenerative medicine and developmental studies.
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to induce cell migration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of calcium, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) on ESC motility.
  • To analyze the role of these molecules in TNF-alpha-induced chemotaxis.
  • To quantify ESC migratory behavior and its modulation by specific signaling molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a chemotaxis chamber to monitor ESC migration.
  • Administered varying concentrations of calcium, cAMP, and cGMP.
  • Measured intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) using fura-2/AM fluorescent dye.
  • Developed a mathematical model to define and quantify 'mobility' based on migratory parameters.

Main Results:

  • Calcium addition resulted in a dose-dependent increase in ESC speed.
  • cAMP enhanced ESC mobility and increased intracellular calcium levels.
  • cGMP significantly decreased ESC mobility.
  • ESCs exhibited increased intracellular calcium during migration.
  • TNF-alpha markedly enhanced both the speed and directionality of ESC movement.

Conclusions:

  • ESCs demonstrate significant motility and respond to calcium in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Calcium and cAMP act as positive modulators of ESC migration.
  • cGMP appears to inhibit ESC motility.
  • Signaling pathways involving calcium, cAMP, and cGMP are critical for regulating ESC chemotaxis.