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Related Concept Videos

Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

Differential phosphorylation patterns between the Cyclin-A2/CDK2 complex and their monomers.

Juan Casado-Vela1, Jorge Luis Martínez-Torrecuadrada, J Ignacio Casal

  • 1Protein Technology Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain.

Protein Expression and Purification
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how Cyclin-A2/CDK2 phosphorylation changes upon complex formation. These findings advance our understanding of cell cycle regulation and the use of insect cells for producing phosphorylated proteins.

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Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1
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Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

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Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET
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Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET

Published on: January 27, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1
13:15

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

Published on: February 25, 2016

Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET
13:38

Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET

Published on: January 27, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The Cyclin-A2/CDK2 complex is crucial for cell cycle progression, including centrosome duplication and meiosis.
  • Understanding its phosphorylation patterns is key to elucidating its function.
  • Insect cells offer a potential system for producing and characterizing mammalian proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phosphorylation status of mouse Cyclin-A2 and CDK2.
  • To compare phosphorylation before and after heterodimer formation.
  • To assess the utility of the baculovirus expression system for producing phosphorylated proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Recombinant expression of Cyclin-A2 and CDK2 in insect cells using the baculovirus system.
  • Linear ion trap mass spectrometry for phosphosite identification.
  • Multi-protease digestion and neutral loss analysis for detailed characterization.

Main Results:

  • Monomeric Cyclin-A2 showed phosphorylation at Ser(14) and Ser(421); monomeric CDK2 at Thr(160).
  • Upon heterodimer formation, Cyclin-A2 phosphorylation shifted to only Ser(14).
  • CDK2 phosphorylation changed to include Thr(39) and Thr(160) after complex formation.

Conclusions:

  • Heterodimerization significantly alters the phosphorylation landscape of Cyclin-A2/CDK2.
  • These alterations provide insights into the complex's cell cycle functionality.
  • The baculovirus system effectively produces phosphorylated proteins relevant to mammalian systems.