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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
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The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Published on: June 6, 2017

Epigenetic inheritance during the cell cycle.

Aline V Probst1, Elaine Dunleavy, Geneviève Almouzni

  • 1Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Genome Plasticity, UMR218 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic inheritance ensures stable transmission of genetic information beyond DNA. Key epigenetic marks, including DNA and histone modifications, are crucial for maintaining chromatin state across cell cycles.

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Analysis of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in C. elegans Using a Fluorescent Reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • DNA replication mechanisms are key to genetic transmission.
  • Epigenetic inheritance is emerging as a mechanism for transmitting information beyond DNA.
  • Chromatin-based information is critical for stable inheritance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of epigenetic inheritance.
  • To identify key epigenetic marks involved in stable genetic transmission.
  • To understand the role of chromatin dynamics in maintaining cellular information.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on epigenetic inheritance.
  • Analysis of candidate epigenetic marks.
  • Examination of chromatin dynamics and stability through the cell cycle.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic inheritance provides a framework for information transfer beyond DNA.
  • Key epigenetic marks include DNA/histone modifications, histone variants, non-histone proteins, and nuclear RNA.
  • Higher-order chromatin organization is also a potential epigenetic factor.

Conclusions:

  • Stable transmission of genetic information relies on epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Understanding the dynamics of epigenetic marks is essential for maintaining chromatin states.
  • Epigenetic inheritance plays a vital role in cellular memory and function.