Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between preoperative prognostic nutritional index and postoperative delirium in older adults with hip fractures: a real-world study.

Annals of medicine·2026
Same author

Reducing ED Boarding Time as the Key to Minimizing Admission Delays: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality·2026
Same author

Goals and trends in space exploration: An overview of the panel on exploration sessions at the committee on space research general assembly 2024.

Life sciences in space research·2026
Same author

Protocol for enhancing CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing using histone deacetylase inhibition and engineered virus-like particle delivery.

STAR protocols·2026
Same author

Solitary thoracic Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor presenting after kidney transplant: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026
Same author

The effect of portable intermittent pneumatic compression devices in preventing lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery: A quasi-experimental multicenter study.

International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing·2026
Same journal

Reply to the discussion of "Efficacy of lactoferrin supplementation in pediatric infections: a systematic review and metanalysis".

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire·2026
Same journal

Discussion of "Efficacy of lactoferrin supplementation in pediatric infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire·2026
Same journal

Does the beta subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional protein modulate monolysocardiolipin acylation to cardiolipin?

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire·2026
Same journal

Distinct effects of disease-associated mutations in the proximal C-linker on negatively cooperative binding of cyclic nucleotides to the human HCN4 channel.

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire·2026
Same journal

PPP2R2B targets the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway to regulate ferroptosis in breast cancer cells.

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire·2026
Same journal

Suppression of CBP/p300 induces growth inhibition and autophagy of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through regulation of EPHA2 by its super-enhancer acetylation.

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
13:21

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila

Published on: November 27, 2016

ING function in apoptosis in diverse model systems.

Sitar Shah1, Heather Smith, Xiaolan Feng

  • 1Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, ABT2N4N1, Canada.

Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is crucial for development and preventing diseases like cancer. ING proteins are vital regulators of apoptosis, and their loss contributes to tumor resistance, classifying them as tumor suppressors.

More Related Videos

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

In Vitro Cleavage Assays using Purified Recombinant Drosophila Caspases for Substrate Screening
08:16

In Vitro Cleavage Assays using Purified Recombinant Drosophila Caspases for Substrate Screening

Published on: October 6, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
13:21

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila

Published on: November 27, 2016

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

In Vitro Cleavage Assays using Purified Recombinant Drosophila Caspases for Substrate Screening
08:16

In Vitro Cleavage Assays using Purified Recombinant Drosophila Caspases for Substrate Screening

Published on: October 6, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is essential for normal development and preventing diseases.
  • Dysregulation of apoptosis is implicated in human conditions including cancer and autoimmune disorders.
  • ING family proteins (ING1-ING5) are key regulators of cellular processes, including apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ING proteins in regulating apoptosis.
  • To highlight the significance of ING proteins as type II tumor suppressors.
  • To summarize findings from in vitro and in vivo models concerning ING protein function in apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro studies on ING protein function.
  • Analysis of data from model organisms including Mus musculus, Xenopus laevis, and Caenorhabditis elegans.
  • Focus on the roles of ING1 and ING3 proteins in apoptosis regulation.

Main Results:

  • Loss or downregulation of ING proteins is common in tumors resistant to apoptosis.
  • ING proteins are critical for proper apoptosis regulation during development and in disease.
  • Studies in various model systems confirm the involvement of ING proteins in apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • ING proteins are critical regulators of apoptosis and function as type II tumor suppressors.
  • Understanding ING protein function in apoptosis is crucial for developing new cancer therapies.
  • Further research in model organisms and in vitro systems will elucidate ING protein roles in health and disease.