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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
08:32

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Published on: March 16, 2017

Olfactory function and nasal nitric oxide.

Basile N Landis1, Jean-Silvain Lacroix

  • 1Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. Basile.Landis@hcuge.ch

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|February 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Routinely testing nasal nitric oxide and olfactory function in rhinology provides valuable diagnostic information. These often overlooked nasal functions are increasingly recognized for their clinical significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Olfaction and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) are crucial nasal functions.
  • Recent research has illuminated their roles and clinical applications.
  • These findings are transitioning into routine clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of olfaction and nNO in nasal function.
  • To review recent advancements in understanding these functions.
  • To highlight their integration into clinical rhinology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on olfaction and nasal nitric oxide.
  • Analysis of optimized olfactory measurement techniques and normative data.
  • Evaluation of nNO's role as a nasal messenger and diagnostic marker.

Main Results:

  • Optimized olfactory tests with normative data are now available for clinical use.
  • Olfactory dysfunction can be an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's.
  • Nasal nitric oxide levels serve as a diagnostic parameter for ciliary beat impairments and treatment monitoring in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Conclusions:

  • Routine assessment of olfactory function and nasal nitric oxide is recommended in rhinology.
  • These assessments offer significant diagnostic and follow-up value.
  • Integrating these tests enhances patient care in nasal and sinus evaluations.