Monte Carlo simulation of an x-ray volume imaging cone beam CT unit

In this work the authors characterized the radiation field produced by a kilovolt cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit integrated in the Elekta Synergy linear accelerator. The x-ray volume imaging (XVI) radiation unit was modeled in detail using the BEAMNRC Monte Carlo (MC) code system. The simulations of eight collimator cassettes and the neutral filter F0 were successfully carried out. MC calculations from the EGSNRC code DOSXYZNRC were benchmarked against measurements in water. A large set of depth dose and lateral profiles was acquired with the ionization chamber in water, with the x-ray tube in a stationary position, and with the beam energy set to 120 kV. Measurements for all the available collimator cassettes were compared with calculations, showing very good agreement (< 2% in most cases). Furthermore, half value layer measurements were carried out and used to validate the MC model of the XVI unit. In this case dose calculations were performed with the EGSNRC code cavity and these showed excellent agreement. In this manuscript the authors also report on the optimization work of the relevant parameters that influenced the development of the MC model. The dosimetric part of this work was very useful in characterizing the XVI radiation output for the energy of interest. The detailed simulation part of the work is the first step toward an accurate MC based assessment of the dose delivered to patients during routine CBCT scans for image and dose guided radiotherapy.