Reduced bone-mineral content is a risk factor for hip fractures

To evaluate skeletal osteopenia as a risk factor for hip fractures, we measured bone-mineral content in 18 postmenopausal women (aged 50 to 85 years) within 5 days of sustaining a nontraumatic hip fracture. We compared these findings to those in 50 women without a hip fracture who were matched for age, postmenopausal years, height, and weight to the study participants. With the use of dual-photon absorptiometry, the hip fracture patients were found to have a significantly reduced mean bone-mineral content (P less than .005) at three sites in the unaffected hip and a marginally lower mean value (P less than .057) in the lumbar spine as compared to the controls. Other findings in the fracture group included a history of little physical activity, diminished visual acuity, and a somewhat high prevalence of psychiatric/organic brain disorders. Reduced bone mass is an important risk factor for hip fractures. However, other conditions such as physical inactivity, reduced visual acuity, and cognitive impairment may also affect the tendency to fall and/or the ability to cushion the impact of a fall and thus further increase the risk of fracture occurrence.