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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Warfare in biodiversity hotspots.

Thor Hanson1, Thomas M Brooks, Gustavo A B Da Fonseca

  • 1Human Ecosystems Study Group, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USA. thor@rockisland.com

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|February 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wartime can harm conservation by disrupting policies and habitats. However, involving international NGOs in conflict zones can improve biodiversity conservation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Biology
  • Political Ecology
  • Biodiversity Studies

Background:

  • Sociopolitical instability, particularly during wartime, significantly impacts conservation sustainability.
  • Major armed conflicts (1950-2000) disproportionately occurred in biodiversity hotspots (over 90% of conflicts in countries with hotspots, >80% within hotspots).
  • Most recognized biodiversity hotspots experienced significant conflict, highlighting a critical nexus between political volatility and ecological vulnerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the complex relationship between armed conflict and biodiversity conservation.
  • To investigate the impact of sociopolitical frameworks on conservation outcomes during wartime.
  • To identify effective strategies for maintaining conservation efforts in conflict-affected regions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the geographical overlap between major armed conflicts and recognized biodiversity hotspots from 1950 to 2000.
  • Case study examination of conservation outcomes in the Eastern Afromontane hotspot during periods of conflict.
  • Review of the role of international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in supporting local conservation staff during conflict.

Main Results:

  • A high correlation exists between armed conflicts and biodiversity hotspots, with most hotspots experiencing conflict.
  • Evidence suggests that sustained engagement by international NGOs can improve biodiversity conservation outcomes even amidst war.
  • Altered human settlement and reduced resource exploitation during conflict can, in some instances, lead to ecological benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Conservation strategies must acknowledge and adapt to the sociopolitical context, especially in conflict zones.
  • Continuous involvement of the international conservation community during wartime is crucial.
  • Integrating biodiversity conservation into military, reconstruction, and humanitarian programs is essential for volatile regions.