Dengue and aplastic anemia--a rare association

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Infectious Diseases
• Immunology

Background:

• Aplastic anemia is a rare medullary insufficiency characterized by the disappearance of hematopoietic tissue.
• It can be a severe complication of certain infections, including dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Observation:

• A 15-year-old female presented with symptoms of anemia, gum bleeding, petechiae, and fever.
• Laboratory findings revealed severe anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
• Diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow examination showing severe aplastic anemia and positive Dengue virus IgM antibodies.

Findings:

• The patient received immunosuppressive therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, followed by long-term cyclosporine treatment.
• This therapeutic approach resulted in a favorable outcome and complete remission of aplastic anemia.
• The patient is now asymptomatic and in remission.

Implications:

• Dengue virus can directly invade bone marrow, leading to aplastic anemia.
• Early diagnosis and prompt immunosuppressive treatment are crucial for managing this rare complication.
• Successful remission achieved through immunosuppressive therapy highlights its efficacy in dengue-induced aplastic anemia.