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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Transcranial Pulse Stimulation for Alzheimer's Patients
Published on: April 4, 2025
40-Hz steady state response in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
J A van Deursen1, E F P M Vuurman, V H J M van Kranen-Mastenbroek
1Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
The 40-Hz steady state response (SSR) reflects early sensory processing and can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG). The current study compared the 40-Hz SSR in groups consisting of mild Alzheimer's disease patients (AD) (n=15), subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=20) and healthy elderly control subjects (n=20). All participants were naïve for psychoactive drugs. Auditory click trains at a frequency of 40-Hz evoked the 40-Hz SSR. To evaluate test-retest reliability (TRR), subjects underwent a similar assessment 1 week after the first. The results showed a high TRR and a significant increase of 40-Hz SSR power in the AD group compared to MCI and controls. Furthermore a moderate correlation between 40-Hz SSR power and cognitive performance as measured by ADAS-cog was shown. The results suggest that 40-Hz SSR might be an interesting candidate marker of disease progression.
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