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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Osteoporosis].

Brigitte Uebelhart1, René Rizzoli

  • 1Service des maladies osseuses, Centre collaborateur de l'OMS pour la prevention de l'ostéoporose, Département de réhabilitation et gériatrie, HUG et Faculté de médecine, 1211 Genève 14. Brigitte.Uebelhart@hcuge.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse
|February 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

FRAX tool identifies high fracture risk. Various treatments like teriparatide, zoledronate, ibandronate, tibolone, and denosumab manage osteoporosis and prevent fractures, with bisphosphonate side effects noted. Calcium shows no cardiovascular risk.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology of bone-related diseases

Context:

  • Osteoporosis management is crucial for fracture prevention.
  • Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis requires specific therapeutic approaches.
  • Evaluating the efficacy and safety of various osteoporosis medications is essential.

Purpose:

  • To review current pharmacological interventions for osteoporosis.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different treatments, including bisphosphonates, teriparatide, tibolone, and denosumab.
  • To discuss the risks and benefits associated with osteoporosis therapies.

Summary:

  • FRAX tool aids in identifying patients at high risk for fractures.
  • Teriparatide effectively treats glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by promoting bone formation.
  • Zoledronate demonstrates a greater effect on bone mineral density than risedronate; weekly and monthly risedronate show similar bone effects.
  • Ibandronate prevents bone loss in patients using anti-aromatase therapy.
  • Denosumab significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral, and hip fractures.
  • Tibolone is effective in fracture prevention.
  • Potential side effects of bisphosphonates, including osteonecrosis of the jaw, atrial fibrillation, and subtrochanteric fractures, are discussed.
  • Calcium supplementation does not elevate cardiovascular event risk.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of osteoporosis treatment options.
  • Informs clinical decision-making for selecting appropriate osteoporosis therapies.
  • Highlights the importance of considering drug-specific efficacy and potential adverse events.