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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Physical Properties of Alkanes02:33

Physical Properties of Alkanes

Alkanes are nonpolar molecules due to the presence of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is minimal, and hence alkanes have a zero dipole moment. This leads to the presence of only dispersion forces between the molecules. The strength of dispersion forces is dependent on the surface area of the molecules on which they act. Since the surface area increases with the molecular length for straight-chain alkanes, the dispersion forces also...
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...

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Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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Suppression of the phase separation in binary n-alkane solid solutions by geometrical confinement.

Kai Jiang, Yunlan Su, Baoquan Xie

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
    |February 26, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Microencapsulation prevents solid-solid phase separation in binary n-alkane solutions (C18/C19). This occurs due to a unique 3D confinement effect within microcapsules, altering molecular chain packing and deconstructing lamellar ordering.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid-State Chemistry
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Investigated crystallization of binary n-alkane solid solution (n-C18H38/n-C19H40 = 90/10) and its microencapsulated form.
    • Employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) for analysis.

    Discussion:

    • Observed solid-solid phase separation in bulk C18/C19 via XRD, which was absent in the microencapsulated m-C18/C19.
    • XRD data revealed distinct chain packing in m-C18/C19 compared to bulk C18/C19.

    Key Insights:

    • Microencapsulated n-alkanes exhibit unique chain packing with longitudinal packing and interdigitated layers, leading to deconstructed lamellar ordering.
    • Phase separation extinction in m-C18/C19 is attributed to suppressed longitudinal chain diffusion due to 3D confinement within microcapsules.

    Outlook:

    • Understanding microencapsulation effects on solid solutions provides insights into controlling phase behavior.
    • Potential applications in materials design where phase separation needs to be managed.