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In Vitro Modeling of Down Syndrome Neurogenesis Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Increased neonatal thyrotropin in Down syndrome.

A Myrelid1, B Jonsson, C Guthenberg

  • 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. asa.myrelid@kbh.uu.se

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
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Infants with Down syndrome (DS), particularly boys, exhibit elevated thyrotropin (TSH) levels at birth, suggesting early hypothyroidism. However, these initial TSH levels do not predict later thyroid dysfunction in children with DS.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder frequently linked to endocrine abnormalities, especially thyroid dysfunction.
  • Thyroid dysfunction in DS can manifest as hypothyroidism, impacting development and health.
  • Neonatal screening is crucial for early detection of potential health issues in infants with DS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate neonatal screening thyrotropin (TSH) levels in infants with Down syndrome (DS).
  • To determine the association between neonatal TSH levels and the development of hypothyroidism in childhood among DS individuals.
  • To identify potential predictors of thyroid dysfunction in DS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of neonatal screening TSH levels in 73 children with DS (born 1986-1996) compared to controls.
  • Longitudinal follow-up of thyroid function in DS children until age 10.
  • Descriptive study design to assess TSH levels and thyroid outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Infants with DS showed significantly higher mean TSH levels and TSH standard deviation scores (SDS) compared to controls.
  • Elevated TSH levels were more pronounced in male infants with DS.
  • Neonatal TSH levels did not reliably predict the development of thyroid dysfunction during childhood.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal screening reveals elevated TSH in infants with DS, particularly males, indicating subclinical hypothyroidism early in life.
  • While indicative of early thyroid changes, neonatal TSH levels are not predictive of manifest thyroid disease later in childhood for DS individuals.