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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Pediatric stone disease.

Stacy T Tanaka, John C Pope

    Current Urology Reports
    |February 26, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pediatric urinary stone disease is rising, presenting unique diagnostic and management challenges. This review covers its increasing prevalence, specific pediatric concerns, and treatment options for kidney stones in children.

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    Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

    A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
    03:56

    A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

    Published on: September 13, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nephrology
    • Urology

    Background:

    • Urinary stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is less common in children than adults.
    • Pediatric stone disease shares similarities with adult cases but has distinct presentation, diagnostic, and management considerations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the increasing prevalence of pediatric urinary stone disease.
    • To highlight diagnostic concerns unique to children.
    • To summarize current management strategies and research in pediatric nephrolithiasis.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of the literature on pediatric urinary stone disease.
    • Analysis of recent pediatric case series.
    • Discussion of diagnostic, therapeutic, and genetic aspects.

    Main Results:

    • Pediatric stone disease prevalence is increasing.
    • Specific diagnostic approaches are crucial for children.
    • Expectant management and surgical treatments show varied results in pediatric series.
    • Metabolic evaluation and genetic research are key areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Urinary stone disease in children requires specialized attention due to unique factors.
    • Further research into genetics and tailored management is essential for improving outcomes in pediatric nephrolithiasis.