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Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

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Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs
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mRNA localization: gene expression in the spatial dimension.

Kelsey C Martin1, Anne Ephrussi

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA. kcmartin@mednet.ucla.edu

Cell
|February 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are directed to specific cell parts to control gene expression. This review explores how RNA elements, proteins, and granules enable mRNA transport for precise cellular regulation.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Published on: June 27, 2013

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • mRNA localization is a key mechanism for spatial and temporal gene expression control.
  • A significant portion of mRNAs are known to accumulate in specific cytoplasmic regions.
  • Understanding mRNA transport is crucial for comprehending cellular function and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms governing mRNA localization within cells.
  • To highlight the roles of cis-acting elements, RNA-binding proteins, and mRNA granules.
  • To discuss the involvement of molecular motors and cytoskeletal tracks in mRNA transport.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on mRNA localization.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in RNA transport.
  • Synthesis of information on RNA-binding proteins and granule formation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of cis-acting RNA elements as crucial for directing mRNA localization.
  • Elucidation of RNA-binding proteins' roles in mediating mRNA transport.
  • Description of mRNA granule assembly and their motor-dependent movement along the cytoskeleton.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA localization is a sophisticated process essential for cellular function.
  • The interplay between RNA elements, proteins, and granules facilitates targeted mRNA delivery.
  • Further research into mRNA transport mechanisms can reveal insights into various biological processes and diseases.