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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans
10:49

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans

Published on: April 30, 2020

RNA and disease.

Thomas A Cooper1, Lili Wan, Gideon Dreyfuss

  • 1Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. tcooper@bcm.tmc.edu

Cell
|February 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular functions rely on RNA-protein complexes (RNPs). Mutations in RNA or proteins disrupt RNPs, causing disease, but also offer new therapeutic targets and RNA-based tools.

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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans
10:49

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans

Published on: April 30, 2020

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular functions are orchestrated by ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), comprising RNAs and RNA-binding proteins.
  • Disruptions in RNP components or assembly factors due to mutations can lead to detrimental cellular consequences.
  • Alternative splicing is a key mechanism for fine-tuning the transcriptome and proteome, but its complexity increases susceptibility to disease-causing mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of RNA-protein interactions in cellular function.
  • To underscore the link between mutations in RNA and disease.
  • To emphasize the therapeutic potential arising from understanding RNA biology.

Main Methods:

  • The study integrates knowledge from molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry.
  • It reviews existing literature on RNA biology, ribonucleoprotein complexes, and alternative splicing.
  • The focus is on analyzing the impact of mutations on RNA and protein components.

Main Results:

  • Mutations affecting RNA or protein components of RNPs can impair cellular functions.
  • Alternative splicing, while crucial for cellular regulation, presents numerous points for mutation and misregulation.
  • Identifying disease-causing mutations in RNAs opens avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate network of RNA-binding proteins and their interactions is crucial for comprehending cellular health and disease.
  • RNA-based therapeutics are emerging as a promising frontier, driven by advances in RNA biology and chemistry.
  • Targeting RNA mutations offers a new paradigm for developing innovative treatments for various diseases.