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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
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The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
09:03

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye

Published on: June 20, 2015

The trabecular meshwork outflow pathways: structural and functional aspects.

Ernst R Tamm1

  • 1Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. ernst.tamm@vkl.uni-regensburg.de

Experimental Eye Research
|February 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal regulate aqueous humor outflow and intraocular pressure. Age and glaucoma increase outflow resistance, primarily at the inner wall of Schlemm's canal.

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Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
09:03

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Published on: June 20, 2015

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: June 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Ocular Physiology
  • Glaucoma Research
  • Anatomy of the Eye

Background:

  • Aqueous humor (AH) outflow is primarily regulated by the conventional pathway, including the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC).
  • Outflow resistance in the TM pathways increases with age and in primary open-angle glaucoma, contributing to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural components and functional mechanisms of the aqueous humor outflow pathways.
  • To identify the key sites of resistance to AH outflow and factors influencing intraocular pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed anatomical description of the trabecular meshwork, juxtacanalicular connective tissue (JCT), and Schlemm's canal endothelium.
  • Analysis of cellular structures like giant vacuoles and pores in SC endothelial cells.
  • Investigation of the role of the actomyosin system, ciliary muscle, and scleral spur in modulating outflow resistance.

Main Results:

  • The inner wall of Schlemm's canal, comprising the JCT and SC endothelium, is the primary site of AH outflow resistance.
  • Trabecular meshwork cells and extracellular matrix form lamellae, while JCT cells and matrix are more irregularly arranged.
  • SC inner wall endothelial cells exhibit giant vacuoles and pores, facilitating AH flow, and are influenced by TM cell tone and ciliary muscle contraction.

Conclusions:

  • The conventional outflow pathway's resistance is mainly determined by the juxtacanalicular connective tissue and Schlemm's canal inner wall endothelium.
  • Factors such as aging, glaucoma, and ciliary muscle activity significantly impact intraocular pressure by altering outflow resistance.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective glaucoma treatments.