A case-control study of risk factors for coronary heart disease in urban Indian middle-aged males

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Pooja Jain1, Peeyush Jain, Suman Bhandari

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Health Education, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. poojajain02@yahoo.com

Indian Heart Journal
|February 26, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Conventional risk factors do not fully explain the high prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in native Indians. Further research into emerging risk factors is recommended to address this growing public health concern.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence is increasing among native Indians.
  • Limited case-control studies exist to identify specific risk factors in this population.
  • Understanding conventional and emerging risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify conventional coronary risk factors associated with CHD in native Indians.
  • To compare the prevalence of these risk factors in patients with angiographically proven CHD versus healthy controls.
  • To investigate dietary patterns as potential contributors to CHD risk.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based case-control study involving 197 middle-aged urban males with CHD and 197 matched healthy controls.
  • Data collection through pre-tested questionnaires, physical examinations, and biochemical estimations (blood lipids, glucose).
  • Statistical analysis using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and population attributable risks (PAR).

Main Results:

  • Independent risk factors for CHD included diabetes mellitus (OR 4.934), low education (OR 2.410), full cream milk consumption (OR 2.113), and family history of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR 1.810).
  • Protective factors identified were high HDL-C (OR 1.055) and increased fruit intake (OR 1.473).
  • Significant population attributable risks were linked to low HDL-C, low education, diabetes, family history of CVD, low fruit consumption, tobacco abuse, milk intake, high fasting blood glucose, and hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Conventional risk factors alone are insufficient to account for the high CHD prevalence in native Indians.
  • Dietary factors like full cream milk consumption and low fruit intake play a significant role.
  • Further investigation into emerging risk factors is essential for comprehensive CHD prevention and management strategies in this population.
Abstract

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