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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Published on: July 21, 2014
Evolution of prokaryotic two-component systems: insights from comparative genomics
David E Whitworth1, Peter J A Cock
1Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK. dew@aber.ac.uk
This review explores the evolution of two-component systems (TCSs) in prokaryotes using whole genome sequencing. It highlights key evolutionary mechanisms and their impact on TCS function and ecological roles.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Systems Biology
Background:
- Two-component systems (TCSs) are crucial signal transduction pathways in prokaryotes.
- TCSs regulate diverse cellular processes through histidine kinase and response regulator interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review insights into TCS evolution driven by whole prokaryotic genome sequencing.
- To elucidate major evolutionary themes and their functional consequences in TCSs.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of whole prokaryotic genome sequences to identify TCS components and evolutionary patterns.
- Integration of structural and biophysical data with evolutionary findings.
Main Results:
- Identified key TCS evolutionary themes: gene duplication, gain/loss, fusion/fission, and domain shuffling.
- Demonstrated correlation between evolutionary changes, protein properties, and functional outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Genomic insights enhance understanding of TCS evolution and functional diversification.
- This knowledge can guide rational engineering of TCSs and link their evolution to phenotypes and ecology.
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