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Involvement of ROS in BBB dysfunction.

Pamela B L Pun¹, Jia Lu, Shabbir Moochhala

¹Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore.

Free Radical Research

|February 26, 2009

Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in brain injury. Antioxidants may offer neuroprotection by targeting ROS-mediated pathways in conditions like stroke and TBI.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry

Background:

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis.
BBB dysfunction is implicated in neurological disorders like stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Purpose of the Study:

To explore pathways upstream and downstream of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BBB breakdown.
To discuss the role of ROS and antioxidants in neuropathology.

Main Methods:

Literature review of pathways involved in BBB dysfunction.
Analysis of the role of ROS in mediating BBB compromise.

Main Results:

Multiple pathways, including the kinin system and immune cell activation, converge on ROS production.
ROS trigger downstream events like oxidative damage and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation, leading to BBB breakdown.

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Tight junction (TJ) modification is a key consequence of ROS activity.

Conclusions:

ROS are pivotal mediators of BBB permeability.
Antioxidants show potential as neuroprotective agents against BBB damage in neurological conditions.
Understanding ROS-related pathways is crucial for developing therapies for brain injury.