[Lviv traditions of Polish orthopedics]

The paper presents how orthopedics as a new surgical specialty has emerged in Lviv at the end of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. A medical activity of professors who were in charge of the Surgery Clinic of the Lviv University (Ludwik Rydygier and Hilary Schramm) was described and the eminent orthopedists, Antoni Grabiszewski, who as a first Polish doctor habilitated in surgery and orthopedist, and Tadeusz Ostrowski, who was executed by Gestapo in 1941, as well. Adam Gruca, Józef Kowalski, Marian Garlicki and Marian A. Weiss continued to develop Lviv orthopedics in Warsaw, Wrocław and Silesia after the Second World War.