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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
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Strontium substitution in bioactive calcium phosphates: a first-principles study.

Katsuyuki Matsunaga1, Hidenobu Murata

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. k.matsunaga@materials.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
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Strontium (Sr2+) ions promote bone formation by substituting calcium (Ca2+) in octacalcium phosphate (OCP), a precursor to hydroxyapatite (HAp). This substitution is favored in OCP, influencing bone mineralization processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomineralization
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a metastable precursor phase in biological apatite formation.
  • Strontium (Sr2+) is known to influence bone metabolism and formation.
  • Understanding Sr2+ incorporation into OCP is crucial for bone health applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the atomic and electronic structures of Sr2+ substituting for Ca2+ in OCP using first-principles calculations.
  • To evaluate the defect formation energies of Sr2+ in OCP under varying chemical conditions.
  • To compare the preferential substitution of Sr2+ in OCP versus hydroxyapatite (HAp).

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT).
  • Supercell total energy calculations to determine defect formation energies.
  • Calculation of ionic chemical potentials under equilibrium with hydroxyapatite-saturated aqueous solutions.

Main Results:

  • Defect formation energy for Sr2+ substitution is dependent on solution pH and specific Ca2+ sites within the OCP structure.
  • Estimated equilibrium concentrations of Sr2+ in OCP and HAp align with experimental findings under physiological conditions.
  • Sr2+ ions exhibit a greater preference for substitution in OCP compared to HAp.

Conclusions:

  • Sr2+ incorporation into the OCP phase is energetically favorable.
  • The preferential substitution of Sr2+ in OCP suggests a key role in promoting bone formation.
  • Sr2+ may exert its bone-promoting effects by integrating into the OCP phase during hydroxyapatite nucleation.