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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Dehydration and the dynamic dimensional changes within dentin and enamel.

D Zhang1, S Mao, C Lu

  • 1Department of Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|February 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dentin and enamel shrink when dehydrated, with dentin showing significantly greater dimensional changes than enamel. Age did not affect these dehydration responses in either dental tissue.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Tissue Mechanics

Background:

  • Dental tissues like dentin and enamel undergo water loss, potentially affecting their structural integrity.
  • Understanding tissue deformation during dehydration is crucial for dental material applications and restoration longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify dimensional changes in dentin and enamel during dehydration.
  • To investigate age-related differences in the dehydration response of these dental tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic digital image correlation (DIC) was employed to measure deformation in dentin and enamel.
  • Deformation was assessed as a function of water loss under free convection in air.
  • Measurements were taken in two orthogonal directions for young and old patient groups.

Main Results:

  • Both dentin and enamel exhibited contraction upon water loss, irrespective of patient age.
  • Dentin showed an average water loss of 6% over 1 hour, resulting in approximately 0.5% shrinkage.
  • Enamel experienced about 1% water loss in the same period, leading to 0.03% shrinkage.

Conclusions:

  • Dentin demonstrates a significantly larger degree of deformation shrinkage upon dehydration compared to enamel.
  • No significant differences in dehydration response were observed between young and old patient groups or between orthogonal directions.