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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Time course and task dependence of emotion effects in word processing.

Annekathrin Schacht¹, Werner Sommer

¹Humboldt University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany. schachta@hu-berlin.de

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience

|February 28, 2009

Summary

Emotionally charged words, both positive and negative, are processed faster than neutral words. This faster processing of emotional words, observed through event-related brain potentials (ERPs), suggests an automatic attention mechanism.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psycholinguistics
Affective Science

Background:

Emotional stimuli significantly impact cognitive functions, including performance.
Understanding the temporal dynamics of emotional influences on cognition is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the time course and mechanisms of emotional influences on visual word processing.
To examine how emotional valence (positive, negative, neutral) affects word recognition across different tasks.

Main Methods:

Two experiments using event-related potentials (ERPs) to record brain activity.
Stimuli comprised verbs of positive, negative, and neutral valence.
Tasks included lexical decision, structural, and semantic decisions.

Main Results:

Positive and negative verbs were processed faster than neutral verbs in lexical decision tasks.
An early ERP component (around 370 msec) distinguished emotional from neutral words.
In a semantic context, emotional word processing was accelerated, with an earlier ERP effect (approx. 200 msec sooner).
Task demands did not modulate early effects, suggesting automatic attentional allocation.
A later ERP effect was task-dependent, indicating elaborated processing of emotional words.

Conclusions:

Emotional arousal automatically captures attentional resources during visual word processing.
Early ERP effects reflect rapid, possibly automatic, processing of emotional valence.
Later, task-dependent ERP effects suggest more controlled, elaborated processing of emotional content.