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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Isolation and Culture of Primary Retinal Müller Cells from Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats
Published on: June 17, 2025
Modulation of retinal capillary endothelial cells by Müller glial cell-derived factors
Hayato Abukawa1, Masatoshi Tomi, Jumpei Kiyokawa
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Purpose:
The inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is a gliovascular unit in which macroglial cells surround capillary endothelial cells and regulate retinal capillaries by paracrine interactions. The purpose of the present study was to identify genes of retinal capillary endothelial cells whose expression is modulated by Müller glial cell-derived factors.
Methods:
Conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial (TR-iBRB2) and Müller (TR-MUL5) cell lines were chosen as an in vitro model. TR-iBRB2 cells were incubated with conditioned medium of TR-MUL5 (MUL-CM) for 24 h and subjected to microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analysis.
Results:
TR-MUL5 cell-derived factors increased alkaline phosphatase activity in TR-iBRB2 cells, indicating that paracrine interactions occurred between TR-iBRB2 and TR-MUL5 cells. Microarray analysis demonstrated that MUL-CM treatment leads to a modulation of several genes including an induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and a suppression of an inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) in TR-iBRB2 cells. Treatment with TGF-beta1, which is incorporated in MUL-CM, also resulted in an induction of PAI-1 and a suppression of Id2 in TR-iBRB2 cells.
Conclusions:
In vitro inner BRB model study revealed that Müller glial cell-derived factors modulate endothelial cell functions including the induction of anti-angiogenic PAI-1 and the suppression of pro-angiogenic Id2. Therefore, Müller cells appear to be one of the modulators of retinal angiogenesis.
