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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

[Application of NIR spectroscopy to multiple gas components identification].

Ru-bin Qi¹, Xin Yin, Li Yang

¹State Key Lab of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. qrb213@163.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu

|March 3, 2009

Summary

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy accurately monitors multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in situ. This method enables precise, quantitative analysis for environmental monitoring applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Published on: March 22, 2019

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: May 15, 2020

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

Published on: August 5, 2016

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Environmental Science

Context:

In situ monitoring of multiple gas components is crucial for environmental protection.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pose significant environmental and health risks.
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers a non-invasive analytical technique.

Purpose:

To analyze the spectral characteristics of propane, propylene, and methylbenzene in the NIR region.
To develop a quantitative model for determining VOC concentrations using NIR spectra.
To validate the accuracy and feasibility of NIR spectroscopy for multi-component VOC monitoring.

Summary:

Spectral characteristics of propane, propylene, and methylbenzene were analyzed between 1620-1750 nm.
A linear regression model utilizing partial least-squares was established.
The model accurately predicted concentrations of propane and isobutene in a validation set.

Impact:

Demonstrates the capability of NIR spectroscopy for easy, accurate, and quantitative in situ monitoring of multiple VOCs.
Provides a foundation for developing advanced environmental monitoring systems.
Facilitates real-time assessment of air quality and industrial emissions.