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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

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Equipment Required
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...

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Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation
06:13

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Published on: June 20, 2018

Does olfactory function improve after endoscopic sinus surgery?

Jamie R Litvack1, Jess Mace, Timothy L Smith

  • 1Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoscopic sinus surgery improved severe smell loss (anosmia) in chronic rhinosinusitis patients, contrary to expectations. Mild smell impairment (hyposmia) did not significantly benefit from the surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Rhinology
  • Olfactory Dysfunction Research

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) frequently causes olfactory impairment.
  • Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a common treatment for CRS.
  • The impact of ESS on olfactory function in CRS patients requires further investigation, particularly regarding different severities of smell loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intermediate and long-term effects of ESS on olfactory impairment in patients with CRS.
  • To test the hypothesis that ESS benefits mild olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia) but not severe dysfunction (anosmia).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study involving 111 CRS patients undergoing ESS.
  • Olfactory function assessed using the Smell Identification Test (SIT) preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.
  • Demographic, comorbidity, and SIT data analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative olfactory dysfunction prevalence was 67.5%.
  • Contrary to the hypothesis, patients with anosmia showed significant improvement in SIT scores post-ESS (9.7 to 21.3 at 6 months, P = 0.001), sustained at 12 months.
  • Hyposmic patients did not experience significant olfactory improvement after ESS. Baseline olfactory category and nasal polyposis were linked to improved postoperative function.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic sinus surgery significantly improves severe olfactory dysfunction (anosmia) in CRS patients, with sustained benefits.
  • Mild olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia) in CRS patients does not appear to significantly improve following ESS.
  • Findings challenge initial hypotheses, suggesting ESS is more effective for severe smell loss in this population.