Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of the heart's...
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Prenatal stress shapes discrete responses during early recovery from repeated adult stress.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience·2026
Same author

The Utility of Higher Pulsed Field Ablation Applications for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2026
Same author

The utility of high-frequency jet ventilation in pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing·2026
Same author

Utility of Very High Output Pace-Capture Testing for Posterior Wall Isolation in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Large-scale behavioral characterization of oxycodone self-administration in heterogeneous stock rats reveals initial analgesic effects are associated with addiction-like behaviors.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same journal

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Age-related Macular Degeneration Risk in Diabetes or Non-diabetic Obesity: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The American journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Marijuana Use and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Implications, and Emerging Challenges.

The American journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Cave Canem - Beware of the Dog.

The American journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Risk Factors for 30-day Hospital Readmission After Hospital-at-Home Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis.

The American journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Mesenteric Panniculitis.

The American journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Hypercalcemia and hyperferritinemia in a patient with Graves' disease disease.

The American journal of medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine
08:31

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

Published on: October 11, 2019

Quinidine revisited.

Felix Yang1, Sam Hanon, Patrick Lam

  • 1Beth Israel Medical Center, University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA. fey2002@gmail.com

The American Journal of Medicine
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quinidine, an early antiarrhythmic drug, shows renewed promise for treating atrial fibrillation and certain ventricular arrhythmias. Despite past concerns, modern research highlights its safety and efficacy in specific cardiac conditions.

More Related Videos

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish
06:15

Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish

Published on: August 16, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine
08:31

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

Published on: October 11, 2019

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish
06:15

Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish

Published on: August 16, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Quinidine was a foundational antiarrhythmic medication.
  • Concerns regarding ventricular arrhythmias and mortality led to decreased quinidine use.
  • Recent clinical trials are re-evaluating quinidine's therapeutic role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on quinidine's efficacy and safety.
  • To highlight quinidine's utility in specific cardiac arrhythmias.
  • To assess quinidine's place in contemporary cardiovascular medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent clinical trials and studies.
  • Analysis of quinidine's performance in various arrhythmia treatments.
  • Comparison of quinidine with newer antiarrhythmic agents.

Main Results:

  • Quinidine demonstrates safety and efficacy when combined with verapamil for atrial fibrillation.
  • Successful treatment outcomes reported for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, Brugada syndrome, and Short QT syndrome.
  • Renewed clinical interest supports quinidine's continued application.

Conclusions:

  • Quinidine remains a relevant therapeutic option in cardiology.
  • Its use is supported by recent evidence, particularly in combination therapies and specific genetic arrhythmia syndromes.
  • Quinidine's historical significance is complemented by its modern-day efficacy.