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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
09:33
Utero-tubal Embryo Transfer and Vasectomy in the Mouse Model
Published on: February 28, 2014
Analgesia and anesthesia for assisted reproductive technologies
Nikos F Vlahos1, Iosifina Giannakikou, Athanasios Vlachos
1Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MA, USA. nvlahos@jhmi.edu
Summary
Conscious sedation is the most common anesthesia for oocyte retrieval in in vitro fertilization (IVF). This method, often using propofol, fentanyl, and midazolam, is safe and has minimal impact on oocyte and embryo quality.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine
- Anesthesiology
- In Vitro Fertilization
Background:
- Oocyte retrieval is a frequent minor surgical procedure for in vitro fertilization (IVF).
- Anesthesia practices for oocyte retrieval vary across the United States and Europe.
Purpose of the Study:
- To update current anesthesia practices for assisted reproductive technology in the US and Europe.
- To evaluate the safety and potential risks of anesthesia on oocyte and embryo quality.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of MEDLINE from 1972 to 2008.
- Inclusion of relevant studies on anesthesia types and their impact on oocyte and embryo quality.
- Review of studies based on scientific merit and methodology.
Main Results:
- Anesthesia options include general, neuraxial, conscious sedation, local anesthetic injections, or combinations.
- Conscious sedation is prevalent in IVF due to its safety profile and reduced need for an anesthesiologist.
- Propofol is a preferred anesthetic agent, requiring trained personnel for administration.
Conclusions:
- Conscious sedation is the most favored anesthesia for IVF procedures.
- A combination of propofol, fentanyl, and midazolam is commonly employed.
- This anesthesia approach is safe for healthy individuals, posing minimal risk to oocyte/embryo quality and pregnancy rates.
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