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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea.

Amy Atkeson1, Susie Yim Yeh, Atul Malhotra

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly harms blood vessel health, increasing cardiovascular risks. Treating OSA can restore endothelial function and lower these risks.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a recognized risk factor for serious cardiovascular events, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
  • The physiological disturbances in OSA, such as intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, are implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a key pathway linking OSA to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to endothelial dysfunction.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms by which OSA impairs endothelial function.
  • To examine the impact of OSA treatment on endothelial function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and endothelial function.
  • Analysis of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data on OSA treatment effects.

Main Results:

  • OSA is associated with reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and impaired endothelial repair capacity.
  • Repetitive hypoxia/reoxygenation and inflammation are enhanced in OSA, contributing to endothelial dysfunction.
  • Treatment of OSA has been shown to improve endothelial vasomotor tone and decrease inflammatory markers.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a critical mediator of cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • The mechanisms involve oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide pathways.
  • Therapeutic interventions for OSA can positively impact endothelial health and potentially mitigate cardiovascular risk.